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Turn your phone or tablet into a book with the free Kindle apps for iOS, Android, Mac, and PC. Read anytime, anywhere on your phone, tablet, or computer. Go beyond paper with immersive, built-in features. An awkward period of harmony When Apple acquired NeXT in 1997 and brought Steve Jobs back into the fold, the company was in disarray amid growing uncertainty about the future of Microsoft Office.

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Apple Inc., formerly Apple Computer, Inc., American manufacturer of personal computers, smartphones, tablet computers, computerperipherals, and computer software. It was the first successful personal computer company and the popularizer of the graphical user interface. Headquarters are located in Cupertino, California.

Garage start-up

Apple Inc. had its genesis in the lifelong dream of Stephen G. Wozniak to build his own computer—a dream that was made suddenly feasible with the arrival in 1975 of the first commercially successful microcomputer, the Altair 8800, which came as a kit and used the recently invented microprocessor chip. Encouraged by his friends at the Homebrew Computer Club, a San Francisco Bay area group centred around the Altair, Wozniak quickly came up with a plan for his own microcomputer. In 1976, when the Hewlett-Packard Company, where Wozniak was an engineering intern, expressed no interest in his design, Wozniak, then 26 years old, together with a former high-school classmate, 21-year-old Steve Jobs, moved production operations to the Jobs family garage. Jobs and Wozniak named their company Apple. For working capital, Jobs sold his Volkswagen minibus and Wozniak his programmable calculator. Their first model was simply a working circuit board, but at Jobs’s insistence the 1977 version was a stand-alone machine in a custom-molded plastic case, in contrast to the forbidding steel boxes of other early machines. This Apple II also offered a colour display and other features that made Wozniak’s creation the first microcomputer that appealed to the average person.

Commercial success

Though he was a brash business novice whose appearance still bore traces of his hippie past, Jobs understood that in order for the company to grow, it would require professional management and substantial funding. He convinced Regis McKenna, a well-known public relations specialist for the semiconductor industry, to represent the company; he also secured an investment from Michael Markkula, a wealthy veteran of the Intel Corporation who became Apple’s largest shareholder and an influential member of Apple’s board of directors. The company became an instant success, particularly after Wozniak invented a disk controller that allowed the addition of a low-cost floppy disk drive that made information storage and retrieval fast and reliable. With room to store and manipulate data, the Apple II became the computer of choice for legions of amateur programmers. Most notably, in 1979 two Bostonians—Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston—introduced the first personal computer spreadsheet, VisiCalc, creating what would later be known as a “killer app” (application): a software program so useful that it propels hardware sales.

While VisiCalc opened up the small-business and consumer market for the Apple II, another important early market was primary educational institutions. By a combination of aggressive discounts and donations (and an absence of any early competition), Apple established a commanding presence among educational institutions, contributing to its platform’s dominance of primary-school software well into the 1990s.

Competition from IBM

Apple’s profits and size grew at a historic rate: by 1980 the company netted over $100 million and had more than 1,000 employees. Its public offering in December was the biggest since 1956, when the Ford Motor Company had gone public. (Indeed, by the end of 1980, Apple’s valuation of nearly $2 billion was greater than Ford’s.) However, Apple would soon face competition from the computer industry’s leading player, International Business Machines Corporation. IBM had waited for the personal computer market to grow before introducing its own line of personal computers, the IBM PC, in 1981. IBM broke with its tradition of using only proprietary hardware components and software and built a machine from readily available components, including the Intel microprocessor, and used DOS (disk operating system) from the Microsoft Corporation. Because other manufacturers could use the same hardware components that IBM used, as well as license DOS from Microsoft, new software developers could count on a wide IBM PC-compatible market for their software. Soon the new system had its own killer app: the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet, which won an instant constituency in the business community—a market that the Apple II had failed to penetrate.

Macintosh and the first affordable GUI

Apple had its own plan to regain leadership: a sophisticated new generation of computers that would be dramatically easier to use. In 1979 Jobs had led a team of engineers to see the innovations created at the Xerox Corporation’s Palo Alto (California) Research Center (PARC). There they were shown the first functional graphical user interface (GUI), featuring on-screen windows, a pointing device known as a mouse, and the use of icons, or pictures, to replace the awkward protocols required by all other computers. Apple immediately incorporated these ideas into two new computers: Lisa, released in 1983, and the lower-cost Macintosh, released in 1984. Jobs himself took over the latter project, insisting that the computer should be not merely great but “insanely great.” The result was a revelation—perfectly in tune with the unconventional, science-fiction-esque television commercial that introduced the Macintosh during the broadcast of the 1984 Super Bowl—a $2,500 computer unlike any that preceded it.

The Awkward Steve Duology Mac Os 11

• 1976 - present
  

related people

The Awkward Steve Duology Mac Os Catalina

• Co-founder Ronald Wayne sold his 10% stake in Apple for $800.
  
• Apple was founded on April Fool's Day in 1976.
  
• The Apple logo was designed with a bite so that it wouldn't be mistaken for a cherry from afar.
  
• Apple's market cap is greater than the GDPs of the Netherlands, Switzerland, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, and Norway.
  
• In 2011, Apple's financial reserves were greater than the U.S. Treasury's operating cash balance.
  

PowerPC Beige
Beleagured Apple Computer

NuBus PowerMacs – 1994

Apple’s first major platform transition for the Macintosh (there have been several, hardware & software) was the switch from Motorola 68k to PowerPC processors. The NuBus PowerMacs – 6100 (low profile), 7100 (desktop) and 8100 (minitower) – used the new RISC PowerPC 601 processor and retained compatibility with existing (expensive) NuBus cards, but were often slower than the 68k based Quadras they replaced. Improvements to the 68k emulator code in Mac OS 8 along with (years later) G3 processor upgrade cards gave long life to this series of machines, but ultimately they were a transition series on the road to the PCI future. VMM TV:Serious Business Computer

Macintosh Clones – PowerComputing PowerCenter Pro – 1995

For a short time in the mid 1990s, and too long after it would have made a difference in market share, Apple finally licensed the Mac OS to third party clone manufacturers. Based on Apple supplied PCI motherboards some of the clones were better bargains and performers than Apple’s own offerings. PowerComputing was the most successful of the lot (which also included Motorola, Radius and Umax), and their PowerCenter Pro and PowerTower Pro systems were the fastest Macs of their day. The VMM PowerCenter Pro runs Mac OS 8.6.

Steve Jobs killed the clones when he returned to the company in 1997, buying PowerComputing outright to stop sales cannibalization of Apple-branded models. An angst-filled chapter of the “Beleagured Apple Computer” era. VMM Blog:Send in the Clones

Performa 6400, PowerMac 6500 – 1996

The PowerMac 6500 started life as the Performa 6400, a noteable model in the otherwise regretful Performa line of consumer Macs (too many models, most underpowered). The 6400 used the 2nd generation PowerPC 603 processor, sported a graceful new tower case and had a removable motherboard, making it easy to add PCI cards and extra RAM. Eventually Apple speedbumped the system and moved the model into the PowerMac line, rechristened as the PowerMac 6500. Like the Mac IIci during the 68k era, the 6400/6500 series was a good cost/performance compromise and was popular for years among consumers and business users. VMM TV :Crowd Control

Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh (TAM) – 1997

To commemorate the twentieth anniversary of Apple Computer, the company decided to release a special edition Macintosh. This limited edition model was Apple’s vision of the future, a flat panel screen design with a vertical computer behind the screen. It included advanced AV capabilities like an FM/TV tuner and a custom Bose sound system, but with a $7500 price tag even home delivery by a tech-in-a-tux wasn’t enticing enough to attract buyers. The price of the computer dropped to as low as $1995 before Apple pulled the plug a year later.

Today the TAM has become a coveted collector’s item, and in retrospect is the ancestor of the iMac. It is also an early Jony Ive design – one created before Steve Jobs returned to Apple. VMM Blog:And a TAM Joins the Family

PowerMac 9600 – 1997

The x600 series of PowerMacs (7600, 8600, 9600) used the PowerPC 604 processor and were the first models which finally felt faster than the 68k models they replaced. They also marked the start of a design for serviceability focus in Apple’s pro desktop machines. Ever since the Quadra Apple’s cases were awkward to service and expand; the removable side panels on the 8600 & 9600 changed that in a big way. The 6 slot 9600 was a hit with audio & video workstation vendors, and shipped with a standard RJ-45 ethernet jack – no AAUI adapter needed (Apple loves custom connectors). This was Apple’s last 6 slot Mac ever, and commanded a high resale value for years.

The VMM 9600 is a Mac OS 9.1 Graphic Arts Workstation, with an Apple Color OneScanner, Photoshop and Illustrator; it also runs iTunes 1.1 and SoundJam MP, the program from which iTunes evolved.
VMM Blog:Jaz Fights Back (and why I love the 9600)

The Awkward Steve Duology Mac Os Download

PowerMac G3 “Beige” – 1998

Another transition series, the Beige G3s were delivered a year after the clone makers were ready to go with their own never-shipped G3 models (G3 = third-generation PowerPC). Marketed as the bridge systems to Mac OS X, these models were of limited use with Apple’s new OS but made very good, fast Mac OS 9 workstations. Case design was similar to the 7600 and 8600 models they replaced, and Apple’s legacy SCSI and ADB buses were retained while adding internal IDE capability. Transition series models can be expensive for early adopters and constrained in the long run. When Apple first changes CPUs they typically stick a new motherboard in an old case; often it’s worth waiting for the completely new design to get the better system.